العلاقات التركية السعودية (2002-2018)
Turkish-Saudi Relations (2002-2018)
- الباحث
- اصديد قاسم محمد يونس
- المشرف
- حامد محمد طه السويداني
- الجامعة
- جامعة الموصل
- الكلية / القسم
- كلية التربية للعلوم الإنسانية / التاريخ
- الشهادة
- ماجستير
- السنة
- 2024
- لغة الرسالة
- عربي
- الكلمات المفتاحية
- العلاقات التركية السعودية; التاريخ الحديث; السياسة الخارجية; الشرق الأوسط
Abstract
The relations between Turkey and Saudi Arabia are among the most prominent bilateral relationships in the Middle East, thanks to their long and intertwined history over the centuries. Since the Ottoman control of the Arabian Peninsula in the 16th century, the relations have undergone significant transformations influenced by various geographical, political, and economic factors. This includes the period following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1922 and the establishment of the modern states: Turkey in 1923 and Saudi Arabia in 1932. The relations between the two countries have fluctuated between closeness and divergence. The study is divided into an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion. The first chapter covers Turkish-Saudi relations in the political and diplomatic fields, divided into two sections. The first section examines the role of the Justice and Development Party in Turkey and its impact on internal affairs through reforms in various political, constitutional, military, and economic areas, as well as the party's policy towards minorities and Turkey's foreign policy based on strategic depth with neighboring countries. The second section discusses the mutual visits of senior officials from both countries, which have strengthened relations at both regional and international levels. The second chapter outlines the main features of economic relations between Turkey and Saudi Arabia, which are fundamental to their bilateral relations. This chapter is divided into two sections: the first section presents trade agreements between the two countries and their strong contributions that enhanced economic relations and opened doors for businessmen from both countries to invest and seize work opportunities. The second section discusses the level of trade exchange between Turkey and Saudi Arabia, detailing its amounts and percentages during the study period. The third chapter is dedicated to military relations and security investments between Turkey and Saudi Arabia, divided into three sections. The first section explores the emergence and development of the military institutions in both countries, focusing on their evolution and impact on society and the state, particularly the Turkish military, known for numerous coups in contemporary Turkish history and its prominent role in Turkish political life. The second section, titled "The Course of Military Cooperation between Turkey and Saudi Arabia," discusses official military visits by senior defense ministers and military leaders from both countries, as well as the signing of strategic agreements to enhance security and stability in the Middle East. The third section addresses Turkish-Saudi security and military investments. highlighting a new pattern of military cooperation through the private sector, which played a pivotal role in strengthening relations by providing Saudi Arabia with defensive electronic systems and signing several bilateral agreements on military and security levels. The fourth and final chapter highlights Turkish-Saudi cooperation in the fields of pilgrimage, tourism, culture, and education, divided into two sections. The first section addresses the pilgrimage and the accompanying ceremonies, which have sparked reactions from Turkey, starting with the Qalaa Jiada and Ottoman porticoes crisis. On the other hand, several Turkish companies have contributed to the development and reconstruction of the Grand Mosque in Mecca due to their world-class expertise. The second part of the first section discusses the significant role of tourism in the growth of relations between the two countries through cultural exchanges during pilgrimage seasons or by visiting tourist cities in both countries. The second section addresses the cultural aspect, how visits and festivals have contributed to enhancing and introducing cultures between the two countries. The second part of the second section is devoted to the scientific aspect, reviewing Saudi Arabia's activities in developing education and enhancing it through agreements and exchange programs between the two countries.
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