العراق في منظور النخب الامريكية 1990-2011

Iraq from the Perspective of American Elites 1990-2011

الباحث: حسين فارس حسين علي الطائي
المشرف: مجول محمد محمود العكيدي
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
الكلية / القسم: كلية التربية للعلوم الإنسانية / التاريخ
الشهادة: ماجستير
السنة: 2024
لغة الرسالة: عربي
الكلمات المفتاحية: النخب الأمريكية; العراق; السياسة الأمريكية; التاريخ الحديث

Abstract

Iraq Has Been Of Strategic Importance In American Strategic Thought, And This Is Due To Several Motives, Including Geographic Motives. The Geographical Location Of Iraq In The Arabian Gulf Region, As It Has A Large Oil Reserve, In Addition To Security And Political Considerations. These Factors Have Led To Iraq Being The Center Of Attraction In The Global Balance And The Second Important Factor On The Other Hand Was The Relations Between Iraq And The United States Of America, Which Were Full Of Tensions And Disputes. The Entry Of Iraqi Forces Into Kuwait In 1990 Fueled The Feelings Of Anger In The United States Of America, Since Kuwait Was An Oil State And Would Have Fallen Under The Hands Of The Iraqis, And It Had Been Exploited. The United States Of America Made An Excuse To Bring Its Bases To The Arabian Gulf, Meaning That This Factor Was A Factor That Was In Favor Of The United States Of America. This Tension Also Developed Into The Use Of Military Force On Several Occasions, As Happened In 1991 And 2003. Since The Beginning Of The Last Decade Of The Twentieth Century, American Administrations Have Shown An Increasing Interest In Iraq, As The International Coalition Led By The United States Was Formed To Liberate Kuwait, And The Efforts Of The Previous American Administration Were Focused On Its Leadership. George H. W. Bush Decided To Overthrow The Regime Of The Former Iraqi President Because Of His Threat To International Peace And Security And His Claim To Possess Internationally Banned Weapons. However, The Goals Changed During The Administration Of President Bill Clinton, As It Adopted A Strategy Of Dual Containment And Economic Exhaustion Of Both Iraq And Iran, But When George Bush Took Office The Son Of The Presidency Of The United States Of America Felt That The Economic Blockade On Iraq Was Not Effective, Which Led To The Search For Alternatives To Sanctions Through The Concept Of “Smart Sanctions” With The Aim Of Stopping The Deterioration Of The Situation In Iraq, And The Tension In Iraqi-American Relations Escalated Significantly After The Events Of 11 September 2001, As American Political Discourse Turned To Supporting The Overthrow Of The Regime In Iraq, And The Iraqi Regime Was Overthrown In April 2003, And A New Pattern B Of Iraqi-American Relations Emerged, With Rapid Development And Mutual Cooperation Between The Two Countries. Now We Move On To The Motives For Our Approach To The Topic, As This Title Was Chosen Based On Several Reasons, Foremost Among Which Is Its Importance Related To Our State And The Intervention Of The Hands Of A State In It, A Major State At This Time And It Has Its Consequences And Effects In Every Step And Decision, And How Much The Reader Must Conclude That Most Of What An Event That Affected The Events Of Iraq At All Levels, And Until This Moment, There Are Also No Independent Academic Studies That Addressed It Through American Sources. Despite The Presence Of Some Academic Theses And Dissertations That Dealt With Iraqi-American Relations In Various Periods, There Is No Comprehensive Study That Reflects The Direction Of Iraq. Americans' View Of These Events, So Studying This Period Full Of Events And Changes Is Both A Scientific And A National Mission. Our Study Also Aims To Enrich Iraqi And Arab Libraries Alike, Especially Since These Libraries Lack A Study Of Iraq And The United States Of America In The Period From 1990 To 2011 From The Perspective Of American Elites.The Study Consisted Of A Preface, An Introduction, Three Chapters, A Conclusion, A List Of Appendices, And A List Of Sources. The Introduction Touched On Iraqi-American Relations For The Period 1958-1989 And What Was Marred By Cooperation And Quiescence At Times, And Tension And Rupture In Relations Between The Two Countries At Other Times. The First Chapter Was Entitled “The Second Gulf Crisis And War 1990-1991 From The Perspective Of The American Elites” And Included Three Sections. The First Section Dealt With The Reasons For The Iraqi Invasion Of Kuwait In 1990 From The Perspective Of The American Elites. The Second Section Explained The Events Of The Iraqi Invasion Of Kuwait From The Perspective Of The American Elites, And The Third Section Dealt With The 1991 Desert Storm From The Perspective Of The American Elites.

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