رؤية المستشرقين للقومية التركية حتى عام 1913 (بوزرسكي، كاهون، فامبيري) أنموذجاً

الباحث

أشرف محمد أحمد قاسم اللهيبي

المشرف

عباس عبد الوهاب علي الصالح

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

التربية للعلوم الإنسانية / التاريخ

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2024

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

المستشرقون;القومية التركية;فامبيري;الدولة العثمانية

The Introduction - Search Limits The Outbreak Of The French Revolution In 1789 Had A Major Impact On The Entire World, And This Impact Did Not Stem From The Political Results Produced By That Revolution Only, But The Cultural, Intellectual And Social Results Had An Impact No Less Important Than The Political Results, And Nationalism Is Considered One Of The Most Important Ideas Resulting From That Revolution That Took It Spread Rapidly In The World During The Nineteenth Century, Until This Century Became Known As The Era Of Nationalisms. Nationalism, Which Is A Modern Concept, Brought About Radical Changes In The Borders Of European Countries After Its Appearance On The International Scene. It Initially Affected Many Empires, And Then Minorities Found In Nationalism A Justification. A Way Out Of Independence From Major Powers Such As The Ottoman Empire And Austria-Hungary. When Turkish Nationalism Emerged In The Lands Of The Ottoman Empire, A Number Of Linguistic And Historical Studies Appeared In Order To Adopt This Idea Among The Turks. At The Forefront Of Those Interested In These Studies Were A Number Of Orientalists, The Most Important Of Whom Were Konstantin Buzerski, David Leon Cahoon, And Arminus Vambiri. These Worked Closely To Study Nationalism. Turkish Thought And Presented Their Ideas Around It And Played An Important Role In Spreading It Among The Turks, As This Thought Had Its Pioneers And Adopters Among The Ottoman Turks, Motivated By The Conditions That The Ottoman Empire Was Experiencing At The Beginning Of The Nineteenth Century, Including Separatist Movements, War Losses, Loss Of Lands, And Deterioration In Economic Conditions, Not To Mention The Role Of Western Writers And Orientalists In Calling For Turkish Nationalism, And Working To Prepare Minds And Minds For It, At A Time When Nationalism Had Little Presence Among The Ottoman Turks And When The Turkish Immigrants Came, Who Played A Major Role In Educating The Turks Of The Ottoman Empire And Spreading Turkish Nationalism. The Topic Of Turkish Nationalism Is One Of The Important And Influential Topics, And Many Historical Studies Have Dealt With It, But They Did Not Cover All Its Aspects, Especially The Orientalists’ Vision Of Turkish Nationalism, As The Circumstances Of This Topic And Its Causes Were Not Researched Except In A Marginal Way Or With Simple References, And The Importance Of The Topic Of Nationalism Lies Turkish Culture, With Its Influential Results On The Political And Intellectual Levels, In Addition To That, The Influence Of Orientalists (Buzerski Cahun And Vamberi), And Their Role In Turkish Nationalism Is One Of The New Historical Topics That The Arab Library In General And The Iraqi Library In Particular Lack. The Dissertation Consisted Of An Introduction, Four Chapters, A Conclusion, Appendices, And A List Of Sources. The First Chapter, Which Was Entitled The Impact Of Nationalist Thought And European Orientalism On Turkish Nationalism, Was Divided Into Three Main Topics. The First Topic Dealt With Nationalism In Europe And Its Transfer To The Ottoman Empire, As It Included Exhortation Of Axes Mentioned In The First Topic. Nationalism Is A Language And A Term, And The Second Axis Dealt With The Emergence Of Nationalism In Europe And Its Transfer To The Ottoman Empire, As The Political Role Played An Important Role In The Emergence Of Nationalism, And There Were Three Global Events That Had An Important And Major Role In The Spread Of The Nationalist Movement. The First Event Was The Outbreak Of The American War Of Independence In 1776. The Second Event Was The Outbreak Of The French Revolution On July 14, 1789, And The Third And Final Event Was The Outbreak Of The Industrial Revolution In Britain In 1840 And Its Spread To European Countries, In Addition To The Outbreak Of Rebellion In Serbia In 1804 Led By Kara George Against The Ottoman Empire, And The European Countries’ Encouragement Of Separatist Movements, And The Axis. The Third Reviewed The Most Important Vision Of European Writers And Thinkers In Theorizing Turkish Nationalism Until The Year 1860, As It Played An Important Role By Dealing With The Turks In Their Books And Writings In Terms Of The Ethnicity, Language, And Origins Of The Turks. Finally, In The Second Section, It Dealt With Orientalism And Turkish Nationalism, And Was Divided Into Two Axes. The Axis Included The Definition Of The Reformist Concept. Orientalism And The Emergence Of Many Ottoman Turkish Intellectuals Who Were Influenced By The West During This Period Turkish Nationalism During This Period Was Limited To The Cultural And Literary Aspect And Did Not Take On A Political Character Until The Beginning Of The Twentieth Century. As For The Second Axis, The Researcher Dealt With Orientalism And Turkish Nationalism. As For The Last Section, The Thesis Reviewed European Nationalist Thought And Its Impact On Turkish Nationalists. The Second Chapter Was Titled Konstantin Pozersky And His Nationalist Views In The Ottoman Empire, And It Included Two Sections. The First Section Dealt With His Life, Upbringing, And Studies, And How Pozersky Sought Refuge In The Ottoman Empire, His Marriage, His Job Duties, His Retirement, His Return To The Job, And His Role In Some Newspapers, Including The Basiret Newspaper. The Second Section Dealt With Konstantin Pozersky’s Vision In The State Ottomanism And Turkish Nationalism, In Which He Talked About The Relationship Of Turks With Other Ethnicities In His Book, The Ancient And Modern Turks. The Third Chapter Was Devoted To The Study Of Leon Cahoon’s Life And His Views On The Turks And Turkish Nationalism. The Chapter Was Divided Into Two Sections. The First Section Dealt With His Social Upbringing, While The Second Section Studied Leon Cahoon’s Views On The Turks And Turkish Nationalism From The Beginning Of The Turks’ Contact With Other Peoples And Their Mingling With Them And Their Locations. While The Researcher Devoted The Fourth Chapter To Talking About The Life Of Arminius Vambiri And His Vision Of Turkish Nationalism, As In The First Section He Touched On The Life Of Arminius Vambiri, His Culture, And His Literary Works. In This Section, He Touched On The Upbringing Of Arminius Vambiri And His Scientific Culture. As For The Second Section, He Dealt With His Views On Turkish Nationalism, As He He Stressed The Necessity Of Supporting Nationalism In The Ottoman Empire And Not Following The Islamic Path Of The Ottoman Empire, As Well As His Relationship With The Nationalist Young Turks And Others.

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