الإجازات العلمية في العراق حتى نهاية القرن التاسع الهجري/الخامس عشر الميلادي في كتاب طبقات أعلام الشيعة للشيخ آغا بزرك الطهراني

الباحث

هيفاء جاسم محمد

المشرف

محمد عبدالله المعموري

الجامعة

جامعة بابل

الكلية / القسم

التربية للعلوم الإنسانية / التاريخ

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2022

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

الإجازات العلمية;طبقات أعلام الشيعة;آغا بزرك الطهراني;التاريخ الإسلامي

The subject of scientific licenses is one of the important topics that has become the subject of research projects for many of those interested in studying the Islamic heritage, which is rich in its material and resources, and from here it can be said that Sheikh Agha Buzurg al- Tharani, who had a long history in writing scientific licenses, and what increases this title - under study - is important, is that Sheikh Agha Buzurg al-Tehrani, the owner of the encyclopedia, which included huge indexing of the heritage of the Shiites, and it can even be said that his book: (The Pretext to the Classifications of the Shiites), is the largest encyclopedia so far translated of Shiite writings, and within this encyclopedia, there were several parts that specialized in the licenses of Shiite scholars, which is found within the works of Shiite scholars, and he has devoted volumes to the scientific licenses of Shiite scholars from this book. Its output is another encyclopedia called: (Tabaqat A’laam al- Shi’a), which is the book under study in which hundreds of Shi’a scholars throughout the historical centuries, and singled out a title for each of the centuries, so a unique scientific figure as The personality of Agha Buzurg al-Tehrany, and a unique men’s historical encyclopedia such as the book (Tabaqat Media al-Shi’a), and an important title whose material is the scientific license in this book, with the right to say that the importance of the title stems from these three premises, namely: the author’s person, the importance of his book, with the importance of the recorded topic, This is what recorded a great incentive for the researcher to work on this title and study it, and behind the confidence in the title is the encouragement of the scientific committee in the department to study this topic, whose scope was Iraq and no other cities of the Islamic world mentioned in the book under study, so the heart of Islamic science is Iraq, because It continued as the capital of the Islamic world even after the Mongol occupation of most of the Islamic world, Baghdad continued to lead among other cities. The cities of Najaf, Hilla, and Karbala had intellectual brilliance and prosperity during the period of the study in question. After making sure not to go into a historical study about Sheikh Agha Buzurg al-Tehrani, we increased this aspect with the title, and although there is a study on the scientific license in the city of Hilla, the researcher was very careful to work according to a plan that differs greatly from what I worked on in that study, with an overlap with the title we worked on in the book: Layers of Shiite Media. The researcher worked on tracking and monitoring the scientific licenses that were mentioned in the book and trying to reach the texts of the scientific licenses in other related books and complete them, because the studied book is the translations of scholars and, in most cases, the translations were brief and the licenses mentioned in it were not mentioned in their full text, so we work to follow the texts The license is found in the relevant sources to get to know the full text, and what made the matter more difficult, is that many of the licenses did not mention their types, or their sections, so we worked to identify this through the definitions and specifications found in the license, according to what is common among Muslim scholars who talked about the sections and types With all its features and characteristics of its own, and according to this methodology, we treated the vacations whose type was not specified, or divided by Sheikh Al Majiz, what made the matter more difficult is the long study period that extended until the end of the ninth century AH, as well as the number of volumes of the studied book, and this needs careful reading. All these parts are carefully considered, and many pages are often read to find a reference to permission in the book, and then an attempt is made to reach it in other sources to know what can be reached from it. Information related to that leave and is what caused a great effort by the researcher, which is certainly his duty to show the difficulties that have been overcome and crossed by the grace of God Almighty. The researcher took advantage of the methodology of analyzing the license texts, interrogating them and decoding their symbols, and sorting what is scientific in the license text and distinguishing it from the words of praise and praise that were often used by the Sheikh Al-Muhajir to his metaphorical student. Matters are complicated, and the researcher has to distinguish between flattery and praise, and between the scientific qualities that the metaphor enjoyed. To logical conclusions through the analysis that the texts of academic degrees are subject to. The well-known approach that was followed by the researcher had an important effect in reaching qualitative results, as the texts of the scientific licenses mentioned in the book under study were compared with the same texts for the licenses in other sources that I mentioned, and through the comparison, many observations were monitored, through the transfer of A complete vacation text, and therefore the comparative approach has brought us to important scientific results during the study. The study was divided into an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, and a list of sources and references used in the study. In this topic on the scientific licenses of Sheikh Agha Buzurk al-Tehrany, whether granted to him by his sheiks, or granted by him to his students, who number in the thousands, as well as the focus on his writings, and the largest share of his book that we are about to study, as the space he occupied is the largest compared to What he wrote about other books. As for the second chapter, the researcher dealt with the leave sections, and the first topic included the study of the big vacation, mentioning vacations from this section of vacations arranged in historical order, and the second topic, dealt with medium and short vacations, with examples of these vacations arranged. According to the historical hierarchy of granting leave. The third chapter dealt with the types of licenses and the places for granting them. In it, the types of these licenses are mentioned, taking care not to mention one of these types agreed upon by Muslim scholars, the furthest we can find a witness for it among the licenses mentioned in the book we are dealing with, and the places for granting the licenses dealt with this The chapter is based on the same methodology in which we dealt with the types of permission, as we did not mention a place for granting a permit agreed upon in the books of Muslims unless we found a witness to it in this studied book, and the most important places for granting a permit are the homes of scholars, their councils, and the honorable scenes. We concluded the study with a conclusion that showed the most important findings of the study and a list of sources and references that were arranged alphabetically according to the author's last name. It is necessary to mention some of the things that the researcher adopted in this letter, including the length of the chain of narrators and the large number of media names mentioned in the letter. We did not translate for all media, in order to avoid lengthening the margin at the expense of the text. Sheikh Agha Buzurg al-Tharani is a Shiite. ), and this book was the birth of a book: (Tabaqat Media of the Shiites), which specialized in the licenses of Shiite scholars, for this reason, my study was limited to the places that represent Shiites, namely Hilla, Najaf, Karbala, and Kadhimiya, which was a center of science and knowledge, as for the rest of the cities of Iraq, the intellectual movement was in them Few or no Shiite presence. It is necessary to refer here to the methodology that was followed in the margins of the letter, as the short methodology was followed to mention the identity of the book, which is the author’s nickname with the name of his book and the part, if any, with the page number. Detailing the identity of the book is left in the list of sources, and this methodology shortens an area that can be occupied In a way between the margins and the list of sources that may exceed ten pages, as well as shortens the efforts and reduce the methodological errors in which most researchers who use the methodology of detailing the identity of the book in the margins of their letters and thesis.

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