الشيخ علي كاشف الغطاء ونشاطه الفكري (1913-1991م) - دراسة تاريخية

الباحث

أسماء عبد السجاد عبد الجليل الموسوي

المشرف

علي هادي عباس المهداوي

الجامعة

جامعة بابل

الكلية / القسم

التربية للعلوم الإنسانية / التاريخ

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2023

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

علي كاشف الغطاء;النشاط الفكري;النجف;التاريخ الحديث

This thesis deals with “Sheikh Ali Kashif al-Gita’ and his Intellectual Activity 1910-1991: A Historical Study”. The researcher's desire to know the size of his reformist and innovative intellectual outputs, his openness to the developments of his time, his participation in international conferences, and his belonging to an ancient Iraqi family known for its adherence to the teachings of the true religion, which is considered one of the families of authority and imitation, constituted a main reason for choosing the topic. The researcher worked on employing the tools of the scientific method in the thesis, following the historical sequence, the unity of the topic, analyzing the important events, and revealing their details according to the exigencies of the thesis and its scientific necessities, trying to use the descriptive approach at one time and the analytical one at another in writing the study chapters. The nature of the topic necessitated dividing it into an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. The first chapter dealt with “the upbringing, cognitive and intellectual formation of Sheikh Ali Kashif al- Ghita’”, and it consisted of four topics. The first one was “The origins of the Al-Kashif Al-Ghita’ family and its most prominent figures”. The second one was “Sheikh Ali Kashif Al-Ghita’: His Social Formation”. It included the stages of his life and the influence of the environment on his intellectual and social formation, and the role of his family in refinement his talent and forming the features of his personality, especially his father, Muhammad Reda, who was known for his knowledge and piety. As for the third topic, it was entitled “Sheikh Ali Kashif Al-Ghita’ Professors and Their Knowledge Products”. The fourth one was “The Distinguished Students,” in which the researcher reviewed the biographies of his students and highlighted their scientific outputs. The second chapter studied “The Intellectual and Cultural Output of Sheikh Ali Kashif Al-Ghita’,” and it came with four topics. The first one was about “Factors that contributed to the crystallization of his intellectual output’. The second dealt with his “Contributions to Islamic Conferences,” and dealt with the most prominent local and international conferences he attended for the benefit of Islam and Muslims. The third one shed light on his “Reformist Visions of Renewal and Rapprochement between Sects,” and dealt with his efforts in renewal and rapprochement between religions, and eliminating sectarian rivalries and divisions. As for the fourth, he explained his “Efforts in Establishing and Ddeveloping the Kashif al-Ghita’ Library and School,” as he exerted great efforts in developing the library, restoring it, and increasing the number of books in B it. He also established the Sheikh Ali Kashif al-Ghita’ religious school to spread knowledge and education in Iraq. The third chapter was: “Sheikh Ali Kashif al-Ghita’’s political and social views”. It was divided into three sections. The first was on “His Views on Some National Events and Issues.” In it, we touched on the May movement of 1941, the policy of alliances and the Portsmouth Treaty of 1948, and the Kurdish issue and the Iraqi-Iranian war (1980- 1988). As for the second, it was about “His Views on National Issues,” and highlighted his position on the Palestinian issue, and his position on colonialism and the nationalization of the Suez Canal, the tripartite aggression against Egypt of 1956. The third was about “His Social and Intellectual Views”, and dealt with his views on women, their education, and the fight against atheism and materialistic ideas. Through studying of the subject, the researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: 1- The intellectual environment of Najaf, its scientific schools, seminaries, scholars and professors had a clear impact on the upbringing and intellectual career of Sheikh Ali Kashif al-Ghita’, until he became one of the most prominent authority figures in Iraq. 2- Sheikh Ali Kashif Al-Ghita’ was distinguished by his scientific genius, as he was able to reach the rank of “Ijtihad” when he was thirty years old. Perhaps the reason is that he studied at the hands of his grandfather, Al-Hadi, and his father, Sheikh Muhammad Al-Ridha, as well as his studies at the hands of the masters of the Hawza (religious school), especially Sayyid Muhammad Kazem Al-Shirazi, Sayyid Abu Hassan Al-Isfahani and others, in addition to the intellectual channels that he was influenced by during his study period, which was later reflected in his Intellectual views, as he was calm and objective, and his theses were of great importance in calming the atmosphere between Islamic schools of thought and reviving the idea of Islamic unity in the Islamic world. 3- Books, articles, and scientific research are considered one of his most prominent efforts, and were characterized by depth, intellectual richness, breadth, and diversity, as they included various fields of knowledge. 4- His books won great admiration among students of knowledge, and this is evidenced by the demand for them and their reprinting, and they represent the summary of his scientific and intellectual effort. 5- The issue of rapprochement between sects and religions, and the unification of positions is one of the core issues behind most of his activities and efforts and the ultimate goal that he aspired to achieve and accomplish.

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