الكاتب في حضارة مصر القديمة

الباحث

حنين عماد أيوب ابراهيم

المشرف

احمد حبيب سنيد الفتلاوي

الجامعة

جامعة بابل

الكلية / القسم

التربية للعلوم الإنسانية / التاريخ

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2024

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

الكاتب;مصر القديمة;التاريخ القديم;الحضارة المصرية

In ancient Egypt the scribe belonged to the social elite because his job was in a society where the majority were illiterate. Scribes devoted themselves to learning reading, writing, and arithmetic at the hands of their parents, teachers, or in educational institutions designated for this purpose. After they mastered writing, reading, and other basic education steps, they set out in the fields of life. They were distributed to perform their work in palaces, temples, courts, the army, and various government departments. They had a major role in various areas of social life and in political, economic, and religious life. Based on the above, the choice of this topic came in order to clarify the role of the writer and his importance in the civilization of ancient Egypt by collecting information related to the aspects that we mentioned above, relying on what was stated in the sources related to the topic of our study, given the lack of academic studies that specialized in studying this topic in Iraq. It has become necessary for us to address this topic with research and study. The thesis generally consists of an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion, and an appendix. The first chapter was entitled (The Origins of the Writer), which included four sections. The first (the writer, the language, and the term writer in ancient Egyptian papyri), in which we reviewed the linguistic meaning and the term writer in ancient hieroglyphic papyri, while The second section included (the beginning of ancient Egyptian writing and the stages of its development), as the ancient Egyptian succeeded in finding a means of writing through which he wrote the words he spoke to communicate with others in writing. Given the importance of writing, it was considered a dividing line between prehistoric and historical eras, while the third section included (motivations for learning The profession of writing and opportunities to learn it) as there were motives behind the ancient Egyptians learning the profession of writer, and the fourth section was entitled (The origins and education of the writer), as education was important and went through stages in order to provide employees of scribes to work in various government departments. The second chapter was entitled (The Status of the Writer in Ancient Egypt) and was divided into four sections. In the first section, B we studied (The Gods of Writing in Ancient Egypt). As for the second section, we studied (what was mentioned about the scribe in the ancient Egyptian papyri), while the third section included (the writer’s social status and the inheritance of his profession and wages), and in the fourth section we studied (scribal kings, the preparation of the scribe and his progression in his job) . As for the third chapter, we discussed (the archives of scribes and the tools of the writer), and the chapter consisted of four sections. In the first section we studied (the archives of the scribes), and in the second section we studied (the tools and materials of writing), in which we touched on the tools that the ancient Egyptian used to write with, in addition to the materials. Which he used to write on. As for the third section, we devoted it to studying (writing style) and included the writer’s posture while writing, the writing style on the front and back of the scroll, the sizes of papyrus paper, the numbering of papyrus pages, reusing old papyri, correcting errors, subject titles, and the name of the writer. As for the fourth topic, we studied (the writer and writing materials in artistic works) . In the fourth chapter entitled (Types of Scribes), the first section was titled (Palace Scribes), in which we touched on the writer of royal documents, the translator, the writer of the royal table, the writer of the royal lists, and the writer of historical records. As for the second section (clerks of the religious institution), we reviewed the temple scribe, the astronomy scribe, the spell scribe, and the copyist scribe. While the third section included (clerks of the administrative and military system), in which we explained the clerk of finance, the clerk of stores, the clerk of the region, the clerk of judges, the clerk of measurements and surveyors, the clerk of counting, the accountant, and the clerk of the army. As for the fourth section (the writer of transcendence, knowledge, and literature), it included the writer of medical prescriptions, the writer of chemical sciences, the writer of geographical knowledge, the writer of literature, and the writer of wisdom. Our message concluded with the most prominent conclusions reached by the study.

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