المسؤولية الجنائية الفردية الناشئة عن تدمير البيئة الطبيعية
Individual Criminal Liability Arising from the Destruction of the Natural Environment
- الباحث
- فاطمة مكي ابراهيم الجنابي
- المشرف
- احمد عبيس نعمة الفتلاوي
- الجامعة
- جامعة الكوفة
- الكلية / القسم
- القانون / القانون العام
- الشهادة
- ماجستير
- السنة
- 2021
- لغة الرسالة
- عربي
- الكلمات المفتاحية
- المسؤولية الجنائية الفردية;تدمير البيئة;القانون الدولي الإنساني;الجرائم البيئية
Abstract
When it is first emerged, the International Humanitarian law is directly concerned with the protection of the civilians in times of armed conflicts because of their adverse effects on humanity. The natural environment was not directly mentioned. The legal protection of the environment has been weak as a result of the absent systems of environmental treatment and legal enquiry. However, after the Stockholm Conference, the natural environment got the attention of the states, the military leaders and individuals to protect it against the destructive effects in times of war and peace. So the International Law in general and the International Humanitarian Law in particular has to take an explicit position towards the natural environment. This is revealed through the stated international instruments for environmental protection because His Almighty God has created earth in order to be best exploited by man. And man has indeed succeeded to better exploit it; but as a result of the human developments, the technological and industrial change and the increased needs of man, the natural environment has changed. The man's exploitation of environment has been negatively turned as a result of the use of weapons in the international and non-international conflicts or the use of the natural environment as a weapon to affect armed conflicts. This in turn, has led to an environmental imbalance that resulted in the destruction of large parts of the natural environment that are difficult to be as before. Hence, there is an urgent need to bring attention of the states to prohibit environmental destruction in times of armed conflicts and peace. According to Rome basic system, the results of the environmental destruction are considered as war crimes. But as the subject is greatly important, the International Criminal Court found it is necessary to consider the crimes affecting the natural environment, which represent a common heritage of humanity in particular.
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