حزب العدالة والتنمية ودوره في التعاون التركي - السوداني (2002-2018)

الباحث

علي عزيز علي

المشرف

حامد محمد طه السويداني

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

التربية للعلوم الإنسانية / التاريخ

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2022

لغة الرسالة

A

الكلمات المفتاحية

حزب العدالة والتنمية;تركيا;السودان;التاريخ الحديث

Justice and Development Party (AKP) is considered one of the largest political parties in the modern and contemporary history of Turkey. It is characterized from other Turkish political parties by adopting a speech that is less ideological, less severe and more moderate. At the internal level, the party was characterized by a high degree of internal democracy as well as an emphasis on the priority of political reforms, rights and freedoms in terms of strengthening the democracy of the political system as a whole, as the party focused on treating the economic conditions of the Republic of Turkey and fighting corruption. On the external level, the party gives a priority to the issue of joining Turkey to the European Union and the necessity to achieve the political and economical reforms related to it, in addition to emphasizing the need to adopt a multi-dimensional foreign policy and a cooperative policy that would take Turkey out of the circle of conflicts while reinforcing Turkey's standing, presence, roles and independence without clashing with major and regional powers. The topic of Justice and Development Party and its role in the Turkish-Sudanese cooperation 2002-2018, is of great significance, Turkish-Sudanese relations witnessed a great improvement since the Justice and Development Party came to power in Turkey, even before that, the two countries did not witness any tension or negative situation towards each other. Since their independence, the two countries have witnessed many problems, especially the issue of military coups. As for the topic of relations between the two countries, it has not been tackled by Arab researchers historically, and this is what made the researcher chooses to study it, particularly the two countries are located on different continents, Sudan is located on the African continent, while Turkey is a country located in Asia and part of it is in Europe, as Istanbul is divided into two parts, part of it in Europe and the other part in Asia. The motive behind choosing the topic (Justice and Development Party and its role in Turkish-Sudanese cooperation 2002-2018) was that less of academic studies talk about Turkish-Sudanese cooperation during the era of the Justice and Development Party, also this topic was not previously discussed as a historical study, thus this topic is worthy of study, and the duration of the study subject is a break point in the history of the two countries. The study aims to show the subject of Turkish-Sudanese relations in the political, economic and military fields, as well as cooperation in the cultural and social field. After Justice and Development Party came to power in Turkey in 2002, foreign policy changed according to the (new-Ottoman) principle. Through this, the Turkish Republic thinks that Turkey should lead the Islamic world, remembering in its mind the duration rule of the Ottoman Empire, later the party succeeded in creating a gap in the Arab world, so it turned its foreign policy, to expand in the Arab countries politically, economically and militarily. The main motive for choosing Sudan among the rest of the Arab countries in Africa, is that the system of government in Sudan is Islamic, led by president Omar Hassan Al-Bashir, who belongs to the system of political Islam (Muslim Brotherhood), this is similar to the government system in Turkish Republic, as well as Sudan suffers from continuous economic crises, and the situation worsened after United States of America imposed sanctions on it. Turkey assisted Sudan in all international forums, and both countries are closely connected to each other. The researcher restricted to the historical-analytical method in discussing the study with the aim of monitoring and analyzing events, committed to the unity of the subject in the general historical context within the framework of work. Paying attention to all objective circumstances and data that affected the historical event, then this comes in light of the sources that he used. The basic purpose aims to reach the great part of historical facts, to reinforce this hypothesis, the researcher put the following questions:- 1- Has Justice and Development Party succeeded in making a successful foreign policy towards the Arab countries in general and Sudan in particular? 2- Did Turkish government stand with the Republic of Sudan in international forums? 3- What is the volume of trade exchange between Turkey and Sudan? 4- Has Republic of Turkey provided humanitarian aid to Republic of Sudan in light of the US sanctions imposed on Sudan? 5- Is there military cooperation between the two countries? 6- What are the Turkish schools and hospitals in Sudan? According to this, the study was divided into a preface, four chapters, in addition to introduction, conclusion, and a list of sources. The preface dealt with the historical view of Sudan and Turkey starting with the Ottoman rule, passing through the Turkish-Egyptian rule, the Egyptian-British dual rule, ending with the Republican era. As to the first chapter, it tackled (Turkish – Sudanese cooperation in political field). The researcher divided this chapter into three sections. In the first section, the researcher mentioned Justice and Development Party and its foreign policy, the formation and establishment of the party, then the reforms it did in the political, constitutional, economic and military fields, next the party adopted the issue of minorities in Turkey and the attempts to bring the views closer between it and the Turkish government, later the section come close to the foreign policy of the Turkish government towards Africa in general and Sudan in particular. The second section dealt with Turkish-Sudanese cooperation in the political and diplomatic field, the most important of which was the mutual visits between the two countries, especially senior officials and the most important bilateral political agreements and treaties between the two countries. Finally, the third section discusses the two countries' attitudes towards each other. Whereas the second chapter, it was titled (Turkish-Sudanese cooperation in the economic field), in which the main activities of economic cooperation between the two countries were discussed during period (2002-2018). The researcher divided this chapter into two sections. The first section dealt with commercial relations between the two countries, it included the most prominent commercial agreements and Turkish investments in Sudan, as well as exports and imports of both countries. Whereas the second section, tackled Turkish economic assistance to Sudan, it included the most important assistances provided by the Turkish government to Sudan, whether they were governmental or non-governmental. This chapter clearly shows the role of Turkish Development and Cooperation Agency (Tika), its most notable activities in Sudan. Concerning the third chapter, which carried the title (Turkish-Sudanese cooperation in the security and military field). Therefore, the chapter was divided into two sections. The Turkish-Sudanese relations in the security and military field were discussed in first section. Through which, an indication was made to the most important military agreements between the two countries. The second section dealt with the military base (Suakin) in Sudan and the Arab attitudes on the Turkish- Sudanese agreement regarding the establishment of a Turkish military base in Sudan. Concerning the fourth and final chapter, it was allocated to the subject of (Turkish- Sudanese cooperation in cultural and social field), it was divided into two sections. The first one studied the cultural, social and religious dimensions between Turkey and Sudan. Whereas the second section which carried the title (Turkish-Sudanese cooperation in the field of health and education). The most significant Turkish charitable societies in Sudan emerged in this section, in addition to the scholarships offered by Turkey to Sudan. Turkey also plays a positive role in providing health service to Sudan.

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