استخدام النباتات في العصر الراشدي بالمشرق العربي

The Usage of Plants in Al-Rashidi Era in the Arab East

الباحث: كوثر عنتر فتحي سليمان
المشرف: نضال مؤيد مال الله
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
الكلية / القسم: التربية للعلوم الإنسانية / التاريخ
الشهادة: ماجستير
السنة: 2022
لغة الرسالة: A
الكلمات المفتاحية: النباتات;العصر الراشدي;المشرق العربي;التاريخ الإسلامي

Abstract

The Rashidi era is one of the early history of the Arab Islamic state, which deserves attention and study of all its political, economic, social and military aspects, as it is the era of Islamic conquests, which led to the spread of Islam outside the Arabian Peninsula, and the expansion of the Arab Islamic state led to a large number of agricultural land investment, so Muslims were interested in the economic aspect, especially the plants that It represents the most important basic features of life that God Almighty has subjugated to man and one of its economic aspects. For this reason, the topic tagged “The Use of Plants in the Rashidun Era in the Arab Mashreq” was chosen by my supervisor, Prof. Dr. Nidhal Mwaid Malallah and my desire to highlight hidden related aspects and to know the extent of the impact of agricultural and natural plants on the history of societies in this era in the Arab Mashreq because of their connection to human life as one of the most important economic aspects and the community's need in daily life. The study dealt with the use of plants through temporal and spatial dimensions, while the temporal is determined by the Rashidi era (11-40 AH / 632-660 AD), and the spatial dimension is represented by the regions of the Arab Mashreq, which include: (Egypt, the Levant, Iraq, and the Arabian Peninsula). The researcher did not find an academic study on this subject, as the previous studies focused on the economic aspects, but they neglected the reference to the use of plants, knowing that there are many studies that dealt with aspects of the subject, especially in the Era of the Message that are similar to current study, including: 1. Jafal, Duaa Hussein Obaid, (2021). Uses of agricultural and vegetable crops in the Arabian Peninsula until the end of the Era of the Message. An unpublished Master thesis, (Mosul University, College of Education for Humanities, Department of History, 2021 AD) 2. Al-Jubouri., Saad Ramadan Muhammad Bilal. (2013). Wood and its cultural uses in the Arab and Islamic Mashreq until the end of the fourth century AH / tenth century AD, 1st ed, Cairo, National Library and Documentation House. The study aims at shedding light on an important aspect of the economic aspects due to its clear impact on community service in general, and to familiarize the reader with the importance of using plants in the Rashidun era, in which studies focused on the political and military aspects. It contains plants, as it is included in many food industries as a raw material in it, as it showed the extent of its importance in treating many diseases that may infect humans, and there are many plants _ II _ available in the regions of the Arab Mashreq that vary in the diversity of terrain and the appropriate climate in them, in addition to the availability of different types of soil to grow different types of plants. The study tries to answer some questions related to the study, including: 1. How did people in the Rashidun era benefit from plants in their daily lives? 2. What are the most important crafts and industries in which plants have entered as raw materials? 3. Did the Arab and Islamic conquests contribute to bringing plants from the conquered countries and cultivating them to the development of agricultural and plant industries? 4. What is the agricultural policy adopted by the state in the Rashidun era? 5. How did plants enter the health aspect of treating various diseases? What are the most important herbs and plants that were used for medication? What's new in mixing plants for treatment? A descriptive approach is adopted in this study to name botanical sites based on collection and comparison to reach the scientific truth. There is no doubt that the researcher in such a study faced some difficulties and obstacles, including the scarcity of the material and its scattering in the stomachs of books, which made the researcher exert a double effort in collecting several types of books, and also the lack of historical information about the use of plants during the Rashidun era and its scarcity made the researcher sometimes have to use the information or the same text in more than one place and employ it in a manner appropriate to the nature of the subject. The study is divided into an introduction, a preface, three chapters, and a conclusion that included the most important conclusions that we reached in the study. The preface which is entitled "Geography of the Arab Mashreq" included the definition of the term Arab Mashreq and the geography of the Arab Mashreq, and tackled the study of the geographical location of each of the Arab Mashreq regions and the diverse terrain in them, as well as the most important and major cultural centers in the Arab Mashreq. The first chapter dealt with the study of plant production (agricultural and natural), which is concerned with defining plant linguistically and technically, defining agriculture in terms of language and terminology, the agricultural policy of the Rashidiyan Caliphate State, and types of agricultural and natural plants such as grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, palms and olives, and the irrigation methods used to produce these crops.

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