الأوبئة والمجاعات في العراق القديم

الباحث

نعم يونس طركي سلوم البجاري

المشرف

عبد الرحمن يونس عبد الرحمن الخطيب

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية الاثار / قسم الحضارة

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2023

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

الأوبئة ; المجاعات ; العراق القديم ; الحضارة

A This thesis was meant to highlight the epidemics and famines in ancient Iraq, as the inhabitants of Mesopotamia suffered in the past from a number of epidemics and famines, and they had great effects on the country, and left their negative effects clear in all aspects of life, including economic, social, political and religious ones. The thesis has five chapters, preceded by an introduction, followed by a conclusion that included the most important findings, then an abstract in English, and resources and references. The first chapter was titled: Epidemics and Famines... Their names and the sources of our information, and the chapter divided into three topics, the first: the relationship between epidemics and famines, the second: the name in cuneiform texts, as for the third topic, it was titled: Our sources of information of epidemics and famines. The second chapter was entitled: Epidemiological diseases, their causes and methods of treatment, it included two topics, the first: the causes of disease, and the second: preventive procedures and treatment methods. As for the third chapter, it was entitled: Epidemiological Diseases, to include the following diseases: Plague, leprosy, scabies, smallpox, malaria, cholera, and typhoid. The fourth chapter was titled: The causes of treatments and methods of treatment, and included two topics, the first: the causes of famines, while the second topic is: the treatment methods. As for the fifth chapter, the final one, it was entitled: The impact of epidemics and famines on society, and it included two topics, the first: the impact of epidemics on society and the second: the impact of famines on society. B Epidemics and famines were among the most significant disasters that the people of Mesopotamia suffered from, and they developed treatments and methods for dealing with them in accordance with the capabilities available to them at the time, as shown by the aforementioned and based on the discovered medical texts and texts related to the economic aspect, and despite the multiplicity of reasons that led to the occurrence of epidemics and famines, the religious reasons, specifically the divine wrath, were at the forefront of those reasons that the ancient Iraqis believed in, and that getting rid of these disasters and removing them from humans was not done in their view except through the gods and according to their will As it appears from the contents of medical references and linguistic dictionaries, the ancient Iraqis distinguished between general diseases and epidemic diseases, and they considered plague, leprosy, scabies, malaria, typhoid, and other serious epidemic diseases that required caution in order to prevent infection with them. Preventive measures, attention to public health, and isolation of patients with epidemic diseases are among the most important measures adopted by the ancient Iraqis more than 4,000 years ago, and it is still followed to this day, taking into account the factor of time and the development taking place in the health aspect, and there was the presence of doctors accredited by the courts to express an opinion on lawsuits related to medicine that reflects the chronological precedence of the emergence of forensic medicine among the ancient Iraqis, despite the precautionary measures that were aimed at alleviating the impact of famine on the people and the country, the scale of that disaster was often uncontrollable and thus led to the fall and collapse of entire cities and an increase in the number of deaths and the disruption of various sectors of the state, and through the increase in cases of theft and murder during the occurrence of famines due to the severity of poverty --- page 166 [OCR+] --- and deprivation, was one of the negative phenomena that affected society and made things worse. The famine also led people to sell their children because they could not spend on them, and many of the financially destitute middle class entered into the quagmire of slavery because of the accumulated debts that burdened them and could no longer be repaid, forcing them to sell or give up their children. [OCR of page] Cc Abstract —_—_— and deprivation, was one of the negative phenomena that affected society and made things worse. The famine also led people to sell their children because they could not spend on them, and many of the financially destitute middle class entered into the quagmire of slavery because of the accumulated debts that burdened them and could no longer be repaid, forcing them to sell or give up their children. اس م ا --- page 167 [OCR+] --- University of Mosul College of Archaeology Department of Civilization Epidemics And Famines in Ancient Iraq A Thesis Submitted By Niaam Younis Tarky Salloom Al-Bajari to The Council of the College of Archaeology, University of Mosul in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Master’s Degree in in ancient civilization Supervised by Prof. Abdul Rahman Younis Abdul Rahman Al-Khatib 2023 A.D. 1445 A.H [OCR of page] University of Mosul (a) College of Archaeology i fae Department of Civilization ae Epidemics And Famines in Ancient Iraq A Thesis Submitted By Niaam Younis Tarky Salloom Al-Bajari to The Council of the College of Archaeology, University of Mosul in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Master’s Degree in in ancient civilization Supervised by Prof. Abdul Rahman Younis Abdul Rahman AI-Khatib 2023 A.D. 1445 A.H

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