مراسيم الإعفاء والإهداء الملكية في العراق القديم

Royal Exemption and Dedication Decrees in Ancient Iraq

الباحث: ديانا سالم خدر الياس
المشرف: حسين ظاهر حمود
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
الكلية / القسم: كلية الاثار / قسم الحضارة
الشهادة: ماجستير
السنة: 2023
لغة الرسالة: عربي
الكلمات المفتاحية: المراسيم الملكية ; الإعفاء ; الإهداء ; العراق القديم

Abstract

A This study aims to illuminate an important aspect of the civilization history episodes in ancient Iraq, which is the aspect related to the issuance of royal decrees of exemption and dedication. Applying justice and equality among people and caring for their rights were among the main goals that the kings sought to achieve within the legislation of important laws and decrees that they issued since ancient periods. Some have scholars have given special importance to these decrees and suggested that they represented the real law in those periods and that the laws known to us are, in fact ,only a collection of those royal decrees and issued rulings that the kings collected and issued in one text in the form of laws. It was the issuing of decrees by those kings that the gods authorized. According to their belief, these legislations were related to the provisions of the gods. They fulfilled their desires, so the kings of ancient Iraq needed to issue decrees of justice to implement their gods' orders.in view of the importance of these decrees, the kings chronicled the years with their issuance as they boasted. They issued those decrees out of their desire to spread justice and truth among the people, as their covenants witnessed unprecedented prosperity in legislation and the consolidation of the principles of justice that formed the basis of the concepts of political discourse and had a media resonance among the masses of people in ancient periods. Moreover, that speech, which bore the title of stabilizing justice and equality among people, would follow the sound basis of governance and reach the ideal image of the rule of justice. Through those decrees, the kings aimed to reform economic conditions, limit the rise in prices, control matters, control trade speculation, and prevent them from exploiting circumstances. Also, one of the goals of those decrees was to mitigate the percentage of taxes imposed on people or cancel some types of them, especially some essential commodities that were imposed exorbitant taxes that reflected on people’s lives and occupied their families. Those royal issuances that were binding and enforceable for everyone at the time would preserve the course of society and its economy, primarily when crises and force majeure occurred, such as drought and lack of water, or in the event of locusts invading and devouring crops, or in the event of flood disasters and others... which negatively affected life. For people in general, their livelihood, their agricultural products, the accumulation of loans on them, and their inability to repay them, and this heralded the collapse and aggravation of B social conditions, so kings needed to intervene to solve these economic problems and save them from those crises by issuing royal decrees. In addition, those kings issued various royal dedications to temples or to some individuals in society to address problems and disputes that sometimes occurred between individuals, or they were presented as rewards for fulfilling their obligations and excellence in performing their duties towards the royal palace and court, or those dedications were among the religious duties To the kings towards the temples or according to what he deems appropriate, each king to establish the conditions and security in the country and to satisfy the priests of the temples and gain their satisfaction. Hence the significance of this subject and our choice for the study to shed more light on it by detailing the contents of the exemption and dedication in those decrees during each king's reign and according to what is available in the cuneiform sources for publication. the importance of the topic resides in presenting it in a comprehensive academic study that deals with research royal decrees from the period of the dawn of the Sumerian dynasties to end of the Neo-Assyrian period. As for the contents of the study, it was divided into three chapters preceded by an introduction. The first chapter included several issues dealing with the word decrees, analyzing it linguistically and idiomatically in the Sumerian and Akkadian languages, and defining the term legally and its synonyms of several other terms. In addition to discussing the significance of and justifications for the kings of ancient Iraq issuing royal decrees, another topic dealt with the role of kings and their duties in issuing those decrees, and another about the types of loans that the kings worked to mitigate or cancel, as well as the topic of the most important taxes that were covered by extinguishing and cancellation in those decrees and related to the content of the study. While the second chapter was devoted to studying the contents of the royal exemption decrees, which included several investigations on each of the historical eras and the era of each king and the rule of kings from ancient Iraq. The third chapter was devoted to studying the nature of the decrees of royal dedications and their contents according to the division of its paragraphs in each epoch also from the historical periods, from the beginning of the dawn period of the Sumerian dynasties until the end of the Neo Assyrian period. In addition, the study concluded several important conclusions, crafted in numerous paragraphs at the end of the thesis. --- page 174 [OCR+] --- Royal Exemption and Dedication Decrees in Ancient Iraq A Thesis Submitted by Diana Salim Khdr Elyas To The Council of the College of Archaeology University of Mosul In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master in Ancient Civilization Supervised by Prof. Dr. Hussein Dhahir Hmmood 1445 A.H. 2023 A.D. [OCR of page] Royal Exemption and Dedication Decrees in Ancient Iraq A Thesis Submitted by Diana Salim Khdr Elyas To The Council of the College of Archaeology University of Mosul In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master in Ancient Civilization Supervised by Prof. Dr. Hussein Dhahir Hmmood 1445 A.H. 2023 A.D. --- page 175 [OCR+] --- D Republic Of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education and scientific Research University of Mosul College of Archaeology Royal Exemption and Dedication Decrees in Ancient Iraq Diana Salim Khdr Elyas M. A. in Ancient Civilization Supervised by Prof. Dr. Hussein Dhahir Hmmood 1445 A.H. 2023 A.D. [OCR of page] Republic Of Iraq a) Ministry of Higher Education and RES scientific Research \— <— University of Mosul College of Archaeology Royal Exemption and Dedication Decrees in Ancient Iraq Diana Salim Khdr Elyas M. A. in Ancient Civilization Supervised by Prof. Dr. Hussein Dhahir Hmmood 1445 A.H. 2023 A.D.

طلب نسخة من الملف

الملفات غير منشورة على الموقع. اترك بياناتك وسيتواصل معك موظفو قسم الشؤون الثقافية والفنون لإرسال النسخة مجاناً.