التقييم النسجي والفسلجي للأدينوسين والدايبيريدامول في ذكور الأرانب Oryctolagus cuniculus
Histological and Physiological Estimation of Adenosine and Dipyridamole in Oryctolagus cuniculus Male
- الباحث
- تغريد حازم صابر عبدالله الفككجي
- المشرف
- علي اشكر عبد المتيوتي - فيحاء ازهر المشهداني
- الجامعة
- جامعة الموصل
- الكلية / القسم
- كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة / قسم علوم الحياة
- الشهادة
- دكتوراه
- السنة
- 2022
- لغة الرسالة
- انكليزي
- الكلمات المفتاحية
- Adenosine ; Dipyridamole ; Histology ; Rabbits
Abstract
A The present study was conducted to identify the histopathological and the histochemical changes and to study the changes in the physiological parameters resulting from the use of adenosine (antiarrhythmic agent) and dipyridamole (anticoagulant agent) at different doses of each of them in some visceral organs of the local male rabbits for a period of 30 days. Clinical signs were recorded during the experiment period. The animals were randomly distributed into 3 groups: first group (5 animals): was injected Intraperitoneal with 2 ml of distilled water per day through the trial period (control group). Second group (15 animals): was treated by in intraperitoneal injection of adenosine, the animals were distributed into 3 subgroups (5 animals) according to adenosine dose: (1, 2, and 4)mg/kg. third group (15 animals): were treated by dipyridamole orally by gavage tube, they were distributed into 3 subgroups (5 animals) according to dipyridamole dose: (4, 8 and 12)mg/ kg. All these groups were received their treatments once daily for 30 days. The current study included three main axes: the first axis is a biochemical study, the second axis is a histopathological study, and the third axis is a histochemical study in the male rabbits under study. The results of the biochemical study, by comparing the adenosine, dipyridamole, and control groups, showed highly significant difference were found in TAC, ADA, GSH, blood urea, LDH, GOT, GPT, while TNF-, IL-6, S-creatinine, alkaline phosphatase showed no significant differences among 3 groups. In comparison of serum physiological parameters among adenosine groups and control groups, highly significant difference were found in TAC, ADA, GSH, blood urea, S-creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, B GOT, GPT level while in TNF- and IL-6 levels showed no significance differences among 4 groups. In comparison of serum physiological parameters among dipyridamole groups and control group highly significant differences were found in TAC, ADA, GSH, blood urea, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, GOT and GPT levels but no significant differences in TNF-, IL-6 and S-creatinine level among 4 groups. The results of the second axis showed the occurrence of various histopathological changes in the tissues of the heart, liver, kidney, lung and eyes between the adenosine and dipyridamole groups. In the adenosine groups, the pathological changes in the heart tissues were represented by atrophy of cardiac fibers, hemorrhage and necrosis between the fibers, zenker's necrosis with edema, infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion of blood vessels with atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and coagulative necrosis with phagocytic cells. As for the liver, it showed coagulative necrosis, swelling of some hepatocytes, hypertrophy of kupffer cells, hyperplasia of fibroblasts, stenosis and congestion of the blood sinusoids, infiltration on inflammatory cells, necrosis and programmed death of some hepatocytes, hemorrhage with increased acidity of some hepatocytes As, for the kidney, it showed atrophy and shrinkage of some glomeruli and fragmentation of others with the appearance of vacuoles and necrosis of others, hyperplasia in the interstitial tissue, fatty changes in some urinary tubules. Necrosis and desquamation of the lining of some urinary tubules, infiltration of inflammatory cells, the presence of protein casts inside some tubules, damage to the collecting tubules with hemorrhage and hydropic degeneration in some tubules. As for the lung, it showed hemorrhage in and around the alveoli, desquamation of the walls of some alveoli, Emphysema of the alveoli with collapsing of some, hyperplasia and fibrous deposits in the interstitial tissue, congestion of the capillaries, infiltration of inflammatory cells, intrabronchial hemorrhage with mucous, necrosis of the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles. Alveolar walls damage with giant phagocytic cells, appearance of hemosiderin granules in the interstitial tissue. As for the eyes, it showed irregularity in the superficial epithelium of the cornea, reduction in the number of its rows and necrosis, disintegration of the stroma fibers with edema and necrosis, thickening of the membrane, hypertrophy of endothelial cells, damage to the photoreceptor and reduction of their nuclei, and the appearance of large phage bodies in the area of damage. Also there is a disappearance of pigment epithelial cells in certain parts with hyperplasia of pigment epithelial cells in outer parts, reduction of the inner and other nuclear layers, reduction of ganglion cells, necrosis of nerve fibers, appearance of rosett pattern in the outer nuclear layer with edema and necrosis of the inner and outer plexiform layer. In the dipyridamole groups, the histopathological changes in the heart tissues were represented by the appearance of severe infiltration of inflammaroty cells with phagocytes, extensive necrosis of cardiac fibers, edema with hemorrhage between the fibers, severe congestion in the blood vessels, acidification of some fibers, hemolysis in the vessels with clotting in the walls of some blood vessels. In the liver tissue, infiltration of inflammatory cells, gaint phagocytes and programmed deathe of some hepatocytes, pyknosis of the nuclei of hepatocytes, hemorrhage, necrosis of some hepatocytes, remarkably, binuclear hepatocytes, kupffer cell hyperplasia, sinusoidal stenosis in some parts and dilatation in others, damage to the lining of the bile ducts with hemorrhage and excreted material within. D As for the kidney, it showed necrosis, desquamation and degeneration in some urinary tubules, glomeruli distortion, fragmentation, and atrophy of others, protein casts in some tubules, sclerosis and congestion of blood vessels, hyperplasia and fibrons deposits in the interstitial tissue, infiltration of inflammatory cells, hypertrophy of some glomeruli and disappearance of Bowman's space, endothelial necrosis. As for the lung tissue, it showed the occurrence of lung infarction, severe congestion in the blood vessels, inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles and infiltration of inflammatory cells in their walls with hemorrhage and the accumulation of mucons inside them, which led to their blockage, granulomatosis in the interstitial tissue, severe infiltration of inflammatory cells in the walls of the bronchi in the form of lymph nodes, rupture and thinness of the alveoli and the occurrence of emphysema in them. As for the eyes, they showed damage and disappearance of the retinal pigment epithelial cells, extensive damage to the photoreceptors and the appearance of phagocytic bodies, necrosis and reduction in the nuclei of the inner and outer nuclar layers, edema, necrosis of nerve fibers, lack of anterior corneal irregularites with necrosis and edema of corneal stroma. As for the results of the third axis, our current study recorded the appearance of histochemical changes in the heart, liver, kidney, and lung tissue components. At the dose of lmg of adenosine, the heart tissue had a weak positive reaction with the periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) dye, while the liver tissue had a strong positive PAS+ Alcian blue dyes. As for the kidney tissue, with both PAS+ Alcian dyes had a strong positive reaction with PAS and weakly positive with Alcian blue. As for the lung tissue, it had moderately positive with both dyes PAS + Alcian blue, as for the of 2mg of adenosine. The heurt tissue had amoderately positive reaction with the PAS dye, while the liver tissue had a strong positive reaction with both PAS + Alcian blue dyes. As for the E kidney tissue, with both dyes PAS+ Alcian blue, it was strongly positive with PAS and moderately positive with Alcian blue. As for the lung tissue, with both PAS+ Alcian blue was moderately positive with PAS and strongly positive with Alcian blue. As for the dose of 4 mg of adenosine, the heart tissue had a negative reaction with PAS dye. As for the liver tissue, with both PAS+ Alcian blue deys was strongly positive with PAS and moderately positive with alcian blue. The kidney tissue was strongly positive with both PAS+ Alcian blue. As for the lung tissue, with both PAS+ Alcian blue dyes was strongly positive with PAS and moderately positive with Alician blue. At the dose of 4 mg of dipyridamole, the heart tissue had a weak positive reaction with PAS. As for the liver tissue, with both PAS+ Alcian blue dyes. As for the kidney tissue, it had a strongly positive with both PAS+ Alcian blue dyes. As for the lung tissue, it had strongly positive with both PAS+ Alcian blue dyes. And at the dose of 8 mg of dipyridamole, the heart tissue had a weak positive reaction with PAS dye, the liver tissue had a strong positive reaction with with both PAS+ Alcian blue dyes. As for the kidney tissue, it had strongly positive with both PAS+ Alcian blue dyes. As for the lung tissue, it had moderately positive with both PAS+ Alcian blue dyes. At a dose of 12 mg of dipyridamole, the heart had a strongly positive reaction with the PAS dye, as for the liver tissue, it had moderately positive reaction with both PAS+ Alcian blue, as for the kidney tissue, it had a strongly positive reaction with both PAS+ Alcian blue dyes, the lung tissue had moderately positive reaction with both PAS+ Alcian blue dyes. As for the Masson's Trichrome (MTC) dye, it revealed the presence of collagenous fibrous deposits in the tissues of the heart, liver kidney and lung, with the appearance of other pathological changes.
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