موقف تركيا من دول الحلفاء خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية 1939-1945

الباحث

حاتم أحمد إسماعيل سليمان

المشرف

هاشم عبدالرزاق صالح

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية الآداب / التاريخ

الشهادة

دكتوراه

السنة

2019

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

تركيا ; دول الحلفاء ; الحرب العالمية الثانية ; التاريخ الحديث

A ‌ When WWII started, Turkey had major importance to both parties of the war; due to what Turkey has of a unique geographical location. Yet, it was due to the will of the Turkish government to maintain its interests in the Mediterranean against any Italian assault, that it drove Turkey to construct close relations with Britain and France, and to keep on its friendly relations with the Soviet Union. This whole matter resulted in signing of the British- Turkish-French agreement on the 19th of November 1939. The position of Turkey towards the Allies though remained fluctuating as a result of the fast- pacing events after the German occupation of Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and the fall of France, which drove the Turkish government to refuse becoming part of the war, in spite of pressure from Britain, and to maintain neutrality after the crisis in the Balkans and the control of the Axis forces over Greece, Yugoslavia, and the increasing control of Germany over the Soviet Union in 1941. A Turkish view that is against the Soviet Union arose, and the Turkish government returned to balancing its matters at the last two months of 1941, showing more steadiness when it comes to the neutrality policy, with Turkey’s position towards the Allies swinging at the spring of 1942 with the renewal of the Turkish politicians hopes in defeating the Soviet Union after German victories in the southern sector of the Soviet front. The Turks also showed, in the summer of 1942, plenty of cooperation against the Soviet Union, which included different aspects of politics, economy, and even those related to intelligence. The supremacy of the Allies since October 1942, after they made decisive victories of the Axis forces, was of influence over the Turkish government position towards the Allies. Turkey seemed more on the side of the Allies, and more cooperative as well. And, even though Turkish officials B ‌ have conducted three conferences with officials from Western Allies forces, pressures made by British and American politicians didn’t result in changing the Turkish government position regarding refusal. And, in the mist of consequent victories achieved by the Allies over the Axis forcers on all fonts beginning of 1944, Allies implemented pressures over the Turkish government to break all economic, and political relations between Turkey and the countries of the Axis. The Turkish government adhered to those pressures, and broke down all its economic and diplomatic relations with the countries of the Axis, then declared war on Germany on the 23rd of Februay 1945. Other influencing factors were part of Turkey’s position towards the Allies during WWII 1939-1945, including the phasanisim which had a major role in the influence over the Turkish position towards the Soviet Union, in addition to the Turkish liberation out of the Soviet rule, not to forget the economic factor through the Turkish economic relations with the allies during WWII and what followed by the Turkish politicians in negotiating with Allies countries to gain economic benefits, and to limits the deterioration of the economy in Turkey, in addition to the use of the economic influence for the benefit of both war sides, the Allies, and the Axis. Turkish politicians also made use of the fact the Turkey possess the substance of Tin, putting it in use through political negotiations to achieve economic benefits. The other factor was the position of the Turkish press regarding the Allies during the war, and even though journalist, in addition to Turkish newspapers, had different positions regarding Allies countries, the general line followed by the Turkish press was positive regarding Western Allies, with a position full of doubt regarding the Soviet Union.

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