المواقف العربية والدولية من أحداث أيلول عام 1970 في الأردن
Arab and International Positions from the Events of September 1970 in Jordan
- الباحث
- أشرف عبدالله فرحان أحمد الحديدي
- المشرف
- هاشم عبدالرزاق صالح الطائي
- الجامعة
- جامعة الموصل
- الكلية / القسم
- كلية الآداب / التاريخ
- الشهادة
- دكتوراه
- السنة
- 2024
- لغة الرسالة
- عربي
- الكلمات المفتاحية
- أحداث أيلول 1970 ; الأردن ; المواقف العربية ; المواقف الدولية
Abstract
A The Arab-Zionist conflict is considered a turning point in Arab- Arab and international-Arab policies, because it has a profound impact on the policy-making of some Arab countries, including the Kingdom of Jordan, which was greatly affected by that conflict, as Jordanian- Palestinian relations formed a close connection to the Palestinian issue due to Jordan’s positions towards that conflict. The issue since 1948, and the interactions that accompanied that issue in terms of events during which Jordan participated in the developments of the Arab-Zionist conflict, until the year 1970 came, and the month of September of that year was a month of armed clashes between the Jordanian army and Palestinian organizations present in Jordanian territory, which ultimately led to... To end the armed Palestinian presence in Jordan, These clashes had different Arab, regional and international interventions and positions that were characterized between supporters and opponents of the Jordanian regime and according to the nature of relations and interests on the one hand, and between those from Arab and foreign countries who exploited these events to achieve some special interests on the other hand. In addition, many foreign and regional countries and international organizations participated. In announcing its positions towards these events after one of the Palestinian armed organizations hijacked foreign planes and held their passengers hostage, this constituted a reason for igniting the war in Jordan, so that these events were known historically as the events of (Black September), in reference to the month in which they occurred, and because of the large number of things that were spilled. It contains Palestinian and Jordanian blood. The beginning of these events was the armed presence of Palestinian guerrilla organizations in the Jordanian territories, which increased in strength with the availability of Arab support for them, which enabled them to increase their strength inside Jordan. Consequently, these organizations clashed with the Jordanian monarchy, which wanted to impose the force of law and the state on those organizations, which in turn refused to do so. Subject to those laws, these organizations began to represent (a state within a state), and when the Jordanian government wanted to impose its control over those organizations by force, there was a direct reaction from those organizations that led to the outbreak of an armed clash between the two B after the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, on September 6, 1970, hijacked three foreign planes, forced them to land in Jordanian territory, and detained the passengers, which made these events develop at an Arab and international level, the most important of which was the United States of America, whose greatest concern was to preserve its interests in the region by supporting King Hussein. In his war with those organizations, this is what helped deteriorate the situation when the Syrian forces occupied the Jordanian city of Irbid to support the Palestinian organizations. Here, the Arab and international orientation towards Jordan increased and the region became on the brink of a major Arab-Arab war. The importance of this study is due to its repercussions on Arab, regional and international relations. What happened in Jordan directly reflected the reality that the Zionist entity aspired to with the support of the United States of America, which had the hidden hand in supporting the government of King Hussein against the Palestinian resistance organizations. The nature of historical studies required that the study be divided into several sections and chapters to cover all its aspects. Therefore, the thesis included an introduction, a preface, three chapters, a set of appendices, and a conclusion. As for the introduction, it was devoted to reviewing: the political and military situations in Jordan from 1916 to 1969, in a sequential historical manner related to the topic of the thesis Live By focusing on the internal developments in Jordan until 1963, as well as the reflection of the developments of the Palestinian issue on the internal conditions in Jordan in the period 1964-1969. The first chapter dealt with: (Palestinian activity in Jordan and the events of September 1970), and included four sections, the first of which reviewed the Palestinian organizations operating in Jordan, while the second section focused on: the activity of Palestinian organizations in Jordan, by studying the history of the establishment of those organizations Its transmission To the Jordanian territories, while the third section reviewed: the events of September 1970, by studying those events historically and on a detailed daily basis, while the fourth section dealt with: the results of the events of September 1970, and focusing on the consequences of those events on Jordan and on the Palestinian issue in general. In order to clarify the positions of the Arab countries and their role in those events, the second chapter dealt with those positions and was entitled: (Arab positions on the events of September 1970 in Jordan), and was divided into two main sections. The first studied: the positions of the Arab Levant countries, including the positions of the Syrian Arab Republic and the Iraqi Republic, as well as The position of the Republic of Lebanon, the Republic of Saudi Arabia, and the State of Kuwait. The second section was devoted to studying: the positions of the North African countries, including the position of the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Libyan Arab Republic, the Republic of Tunisia, and the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria, as well as the position of the United Nations The Kingdom of Morocco and the Republic of Sudan. While the third and final chapter is to complement the topic of the second chapter, which is to study the positions of the countries regarding those events, and it was entitled: (International positions regarding the events of September 1970 in Jordan), and it was divided into three sections as well. The first dealt with: the positions of the major countries regarding the aggression, which are the positions of the states. The United States of America, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom (Britain). The second section was devoted to studying: The second section: the positions of foreign and regional countries, including the position of the Republic of West Germany, the Republic of Switzerland, and the French Republic The Kingdom of Iran, the Republic of Turkey, the Zionist entity, as well as other foreign countries. In the end, the conclusion (conclusions) was a summary of the conclusions reached by the researcher. In writing the thesis, the researcher relied on a large and diverse group of sources directly related to the subject, which included a group of unpublished and published documents, including documents from the Iraqi Library and Archives, documents from the League of Arab States, and British and American documents, as well as published documents, including British documents, and Palestinian documents. In addition to the diary facts of the Palestinian cause, including the yearbook of the Palestinian cause.
طلب نسخة من الملف
الملفات غير منشورة على الموقع. اترك بياناتك وسيتواصل معك موظفو قسم الشؤون الثقافية والفنون لإرسال النسخة مجاناً.