المعهد الملكي للشؤون الدولية (تشاتام هاوس) وأهم قضايا الشرق الأوسط في السياسة الخارجية البريطانية (1997-2007م)

الباحث

لبيب جارالله خليل المختار

المشرف

—

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية الآداب / التاريخ

الشهادة

دكتوراه

السنة

2023

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

تشاتام هاوس ; الشرق الأوسط ; السياسة الخارجية البريطانية ; التاريخ الحديث

A Studies and research centers have become increasingly popular in recent decades, as they have become important sources of information, analysis, and recommendations in multiple fields. These centers cooperate with governments, international organizations, academics, and researchers to generate knowledge, analyze policies, and influence decision-making. International interest in studies and research centers has increased with the increasing complexity in Global issues and international policy shifts, these centers play a vital role in providing deep analyzes and specialized knowledge that help guide policies and make sound decisions. The Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House) is one of the oldest studies and research centers in the United Kingdom and the world. It enjoys a strong reputation in political and academic circles, and its recommendations are taken into account in political decision- making. Its assessments and recommendations may influence developments in the international arena, especially in The Middle East, through a program dedicated to this, directs British foreign policy and works to evaluate its successes and failures in order to evaluate it and form its future strategies in the region. It is also interested in studying problems under headings such as: energy, development and environment, international economics, international security, and international law. The Center's research is of great importance and impact. Britain and the Middle East have a long history of intertwined interactions and relationships, and over the centuries, Britain has played a decisive role in shaping the map of the region and its influence on the Middle East. However, the most important chapter in the history of relations between Britain and the Middle East dates back to the modern period, specifically during the centuries. The last three, as Britain began to expand its colonial influence in the Middle East and establish a strong political and economic influence, especially since Britain seized many settlements and colonies in the region, including Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and other Middle Eastern countries, and it was affected Many of these countries are governed by the British colonial system, as Britain implemented direct rule in some areas and used local systems in others. After the end of its military control over the region, B British foreign policy continued to play various roles to preserve its interests, and it included several factors, including: Security and stability: Britain aims to contribute to maintaining security and stability in the Middle East, as tension and conflict in the region affect its interests and national security. Economy and Trade: The Middle East plays an important role in global oil and gas supplies, and Britain is keen to ensure the continuity of energy supplies and strengthen trade relations with producing and consuming countries in the region. Diplomatic cooperation: Britain works to strengthen diplomatic relations with Middle Eastern countries and contribute to finding solutions to conflicts and crises in the region, whether through participation in international negotiations or mediation between conflicting parties. Regional and international alliances: Britain cooperates with regional and international partners, such as the European Union and NATO, to deal with security and political challenges in the Middle East. Tony Blair's policy (1997-2007) in the Middle East is considered one of the most prominent and influential periods in the history of modern British foreign policy, as the region witnessed important transformations and important geopolitical challenges. One of the most prominent aspects of Tony Blair's policy in the Middle East is the focus on relations with the United States and supporting its policy in the region, which culminated in the war in Afghanistan in 2001 after the events of September 11. In 2003, British- American relations witnessed a strong alliance that supported the invasion of Iraq led by the United States. Based on the above, Tony Blair‘s policy in the Middle East was subjected to severe criticism and met with violent reactions. Some considered the Iraqi invasion a strategic mistake and a violation of international law, and it caused the continuation of the conflict in Iraq and the exacerbation of chaos and ethnic and sectarian tensions in the region. At the end of the year 2006, Former director of the Royal Institute, Victor Bulmer Thomas, published a report on Blair‘s foreign policy in which he concluded that ―Blair has gone too far in his support for the United States, which has had a negative impact on Britain‘s position in Europe, which is its natural environment.‖ This report received a remarkable reception and attendance. It made some observers consider it one of the determinants of British foreign policy in this regard from the moment of its publication. After the invasion of Iraq, Tony Blair also worked to support the peace process between the Israelis and the Palestinians, and Britain presented initiatives to promote dialogue and achieve stability in the region. The absence of a study related to British studies and research centers, especially the Royal Institute of International Affairs, despite the depth and sobriety of its studies of our Arab region and the Middle East in particular, and the world in general, in addition to its importance in understanding the British political decision in the region, as well as a continuation of my specialization in studying a master's degree in foreign policy The British, because of this country's great influence in shaping the policy of the region over a century and a half, and based on what was mentioned, the subject of the study was chosen (The Royal Institute of International Affairs and the most important issues of the Middle East in British foreign policy 1997-2007).

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الاسم

رقم الهاتف

البريد الإلكتروني

الغرض من الطلب (اختياري)

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