مظاهر الترف والبذخ في مصر في العصر المملوكي (648-923هـ/1250-1517م)

الباحث

حسين صالح سلام النجاري

المشرف

محمد عبدالله المولى

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية الآداب / التاريخ

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2022

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

الترف ; البذخ ; مصر ; العصر المملوكي

A The importance of the era of the Mamluk sultans, which extends (648 -923 AH / 1250-17 15 AD), To the role that the Mamluks played in particular in protecting the Islamic countries against the raging dangers of the Crusader aggression, which spread in Islamic lands over the years of lean, Which made the Egyptian lands a target for controlling that strategic point in the Arab world, And the Mongol danger that began sweeping the Arab lands, leading to the fall of Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, which was suffering from two issues because of its weakness and the domination of non-Arab elements over it in the year 656 AH / 1258 AD, All these events turned Islamic Egypt into the most important center of the Islamic world at that time, especially after the declaration of the Abbasid caliphate in the year 659 AH / 1262 AD), As for the other aspect that reflects the importance of the era of the Mamluk sultans, it is the development taking place in all parts of the Egyptian lands, which resulted from the Mamluk politics in those parts. The study ((Luxury and extravagance in Egypt during the era of the Mamluk sultans 648-923 AH / 1250-1517 AD)) is one of the important comprehensive social topics, which included in its folds the political and economic dimension together, as it includes all areas of life, especially since the study of, ie A phenomenon in society that depends on the social and political dimension as well as the economic dimension, as they complement each other, it is not possible to address one side without the other, although many researchers dealt with the social aspect in that era, but it lacked to shed light on the phenomenon of luxury and extravagance, which It is considered one of the important phenomena, especially what was spread about the luxury and extravagance of that era, so our study came to uncover this phenomenon in the Mamluk era and B what the state of the country reached as a result of the repercussions of this phenomenon. In fact, the researcher faced a set of difficulties, problems, which come in the forefront, that most of the sources that dealt with the era of Sultans focused on listing political and military events on other aspects of civilization mainly, from what prompted us to extract the study material from among the folds of these aspects, while the other difficulty is the length of the period The study, especially since it extended from 648 AH / 1250 - 923 AH / 1517 AD, which is a period characterized by the intertwining of political, social and economic events. On the other hand, it is represented by the difficulty of obtaining many sources and paper references, which necessitated us to rely on these books in pdf format. One of the difficulties that the researcher faced is the inability to balance the size of the second chapter with the rest of the chapters, especially since that chapter represents the origin of the study. So it was divided into an introduction, a preface, three chapters, and a conclusion. As for the introduction, it touched on the importance of the subject of the study and the reasons that prompted me to choose the subject of the study, and presented and clarified the most important sources and references on which the study was built. The era of the Mamluk sultans 648-923 AH / 1250-1517 AD (origination, development, fall) While the first chapter was titled ((Concepts of luxury and extravagance and sources of wealth in Egypt)), divided into three sections, the first section was under the title ((Luxury and extravagance linguistically and idiomatically)) in which it was addressed to what came in the dictionaries of the Arabic language about the meanings These two items were included, while the second topic was entitled ((sources of wealth in Egypt)), in which it came about highlighting the most important areas of economic life in Egypt in the era of the Mamluk sultans represented by agriculture and trade in its internal and external branches, and industry, and what these areas have the greatest impact on the development of life in general In particular, raising the standard of living of the population, As for the third topic, it came under the title ((The reasons for the emergence of luxury and extravagance in Mamluk society)), where this topic dealt with the main reasons that were behind the prevalence of the phenomenon of luxury and extravagance in that era, especially with regard to the ruling class and the groups close to it. As for the second chapter, we dealt with ((manifestations of luxury and extravagance in Egypt during the era of the Mamluk sultans 648-923 AH / 1250-1517 AD)), so the first topic was entitled ((Luxury and extravagance among the ruling class (sultans and princes))), Which was divided into a group of points that benefited from the phenomenon of luxury and extravagance in that era, Where I made the focus of my study in this topic about the luxury and extravagance that occurs in parties and the consequent exaggeration in the dowry and extravagance in preparing the bride’s hair and the extravagance in preparing the tables for those occasions and parties, as well as clothes and adornment. Its aim is to display fashion, clothing, and ornaments. Rather, the aim was to display the manifestations of luxury and extravagance in this aspect, as for architecture in that era, which I made under the title (Luxury and Extravagance in Civil and Religious Architecture) While the second topic was titled (manifestations of luxury and extravagance among the merchants), in which examples were presented of what the owners of this category enjoyed from the flourishing of the trade of that era, despite the simple references to that category. Merchants concealed their wealth for fear of confiscation, which spread in that era. The third topic came under the title (manifestations of luxury and D extravagance among the people of turbans), which also included highlighting the aspects of the life of this luxurious class close to power. As for the third chapter, it was entitled ((Reflections of a life of luxury and extravagance)), and the first topic of it was entitled (The political implications of luxury and extravagance), which was divided into the opposition of the jurists, in which we touched on the response of the jurists who stood up to the greed of the Mamluks in collecting money from the rest of the subject groups to their authority, As for the second paragraph, it came under the title (interference of women in the affairs of governance), which came about the interventions of women close to the Mamluk Sultan and their influence on the decisions issued by him, while the second topic was (social repercussions of luxury and extravagance), where it represented one of the serious reflections of the phenomenon of luxury and extravagance in the prevalence of Many habits resulting from indulging in the various pleasures of the world, especially the tendency to the council of rapture and amusement, and those councils included the spread of the passion for drinking wine, hashish and other evils, while the third topic included (the economic repercussions of luxury and extravagance), In which the economic effects came about the spread of the phenomenon of luxury and extravagance and resorting to the creation of illegal excise and fines in order to collect funds to cover the expenses and expenditures of the state.

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