الحضور والغياب في شعر جرير

الباحث

خالدة أحمد عابد الجبوري

المشرف

نهى محمد عمر الدليمي

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية الآداب / اللغة العربية

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2024

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

الحضور والغياب ; جرير ; الشعر الأموي ; الثنائيات الضدية

A Praise be to Allah who granted us success for the arrival of our journey with presence and absence in Jareers poetry to our last station where I stopped at the most important results that the search has reached after taking its subject and it's studies and certainly surrounding the results of the research is not an easy thing , Except that we Summarize the most important of what we have achieved of results through. studying and searching are: Introduction taking the terms of presence and absence in language and idiomatically and as a result of it the presence came as the opposite of the absence , it's a stage that comes after presence ... As there is no absence without presence The research monitored the meanings of the presence and absence Linguistically and philosophically and what the old critics have reached of opinions ,and other namings of it . And the old and new critics have agreed that the term of presence is the opposite of absence and it's the viewer and the appearance of the public and that the absence is what has been absent from the eye temporarily or permanently . The old critics cared about the case of presence and starting from the principle of that life is a duality like light and darkness, good and bad and that the presence of one depends on the absence of the other . So it's a case that didn't vanish from the minds of the old critics . Jareer did very much praising especially for the Caliphs of the Umayyad dynasty and their heirs and their masters and he was so sincere to them, praising their success and achievements and he talks much more about them and their heroism denying these present qualities from their enemies that's why we find the Political direction between his praising to them, with the help of Islamic quotes and words from the Quran. We notice the mixing of the Islamic and Pre-Islamic era values and concepts in his poetry because the Islam itself stands on these values except what violates the Islamic law so we find presence of these values What makes his poetry special the power of passion and the strength of the method and the power of expression in the praising field and we find the passion and the noble of the feelings and the softness of the feeling B and the effecting of field of Lamentation and as for the field of criticism we find refusing of the imagination and and taking the analogical, metaphorical and Euphemic pictures so that the reader feels new meanings and new fantasies and the reason of it is cursing and mouth talking and shaming the opponent and putting the most disrespectful insultings and the absence of all good deeds in them and searching for the weaknesses of them mentioning it in The poet's contradictions and defaming him infront of the public and in the other way speaks about his bravery and courage and him proud of his tribe comparing between the opponent and his tribe because it's the pride itself and shame is present for his opponent. The meanings of the Satire at the poet are endless as the poet makes all the good qualities that Arab people in the opponent disappear and transgression calling his opponents with dumbness and stupidity and that they are far from any honored qualities and the presence of the defeat in them and all that Jareer makes are stories from his fertile imagination and he takes his senses from his surroundings and environment with the help of his imagination in drawing and formulating them. There is presence in repeating and praying in his poetic verses in his field of talking about ruins affected by the religious Islamic speech so the poet repeats the places and drawings and ruins and animals that had signs and symbols of presence and absence and it has presence for places and resorts to presenting these pictures in the emblem as an indication of that and he summons the hodge and what comes with Metaphorical rituals to present presence and absence we find no affectation in his poets and pictures as he is a instinct poet who continues his poetry on his own way of being so that the poetry comes flowing and running easily on his tongue but that doesn't mean that him getting away from refining his poems but it's what it was wanted to refine as he did in his poem ( Al Damighah ) that he refined what was refined and deleted what was deleted from it and he had sleepless nights for it to be taken in that form as Jareer was a instinct poet and we don't find any Innovative meanings except rarely and there is neither strangeness nor a philosophy in it actually it's the one that's closer to be present in the minds. Most of its meanings and his imaginations and his pictures are stuck with his childhood in badyaah and he has the ability to choose meanings and words and formulating it strongly and choosing the affective musical bell especially in his beautiful erotic poetry as he is a passionate poet his erotic poetry was a mixture of Pre-Islamic era and platonazation erotic poetry and the reader of his poetry will find ease and tenderness and getting away from strangeness and he's soft and that's why his language was tender. Jareer follows in his satire the life and history of the opponent's tribe and he counts the disadvantages of him on the other hand we find presence of his tribe's morals and good deed denying them from his opponent in a sarcastic and disrespectful and stingy way he's been making the rounds in this field his satire had the advantage of realism and the good choice of the stingy pictures Intentionally to humiliate his opponent. His poetry in satire or praising or pride wasn't free of strange strong words because he follows the old fashioned way and the mystery had decreased in his poetry. The woman has a wide presence in his Diwan as it almost can't be free of mentioning her , presence or absence and his yarning was obvious we find it in the Introductions of the praise or satire poems and we didn't find him a pure erotic poem. Jareer didn't obligate to the unity of the subject as we see in the single poem many purposes of yarning and ruins and description of the desert and the camel and praise and pride and satire all at the same time and there was a phenomenon that the poetic verse does not without the next one it's called Al Taaleeq and it was obvious in his poems as it doesn't complete the meaning in one verse but completes it in the next verse as for Jareer Metres it was like pre Islamic era metres it varied between al wafaar! Al Kamel, Al taweel and Al baseet meters and the rhyems varied and Al raa ' rhyme had a huge presence in his Diwan especially when he talked about absence and the less used meter was Al Taqarob and Al Ragaz. Jareer didn't go far from the figurative styles as it was obvious in his verses like D paronomasia and Antithesis known in spite of his genius poetic mind and his modesty his strong satire and his obscene words even if it was joking and irony and he was showering Umayyad dynasty with praise and pride when he put their place like Allah's place and that is not acceptable Jareer's poems combined obvious meanings and the strength of the structures with the eloquence of words and the beauty of it and the ease of it for people as it sticks in minds Jareer had the advantage of advancement and not following customs and traditions and that was shown in his Lament for his wife and crying and he was known for his modesty and not drinking wine or Going to Women's Councils.

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