الحرب الأهلية الصومالية (2004-2014م) والموقف الدولي منها

الباحث

حارث مثنى جمال جاسم

المشرف

ذاكر محي الدين عبدالله

الجامعة

جامعة الموصل

الكلية / القسم

كلية الآداب / التاريخ

الشهادة

ماجستير

السنة

2023

لغة الرسالة

عربي

الكلمات المفتاحية

الحرب الأهلية الصومالية ; الصومال ; الموقف الدولي ; التاريخ الحديث

Somalia is an Arab country located with a number of Arab countries on the African continent, specifically in the east of the continent. The geographical shape of Somalia is a peninsula, and as for its area, it is large when compared with other countries. Somalia is like many countries that were subjected to European colonialism. It was divided into more than one part due to the colonization of more than one country, and after long suffering that lasted for decades, Somalia gained independence in the sixties of the last century. After independence, many governments were formed until the civil war occurred, which greatly and negatively affected the lives of the Somali people, and millions were displaced. Thousands of Somali people were killed as a result of armed factions fighting among themselves, the numbers of which increased after the fall of Ziyad Barre’s government in 1991. Unfortunately, there were factors to prolong the war, which led to the increasing suffering of the Somali people more and more. As a result of the occurrence of great damage and on various aspects, countries like Arab , Africa, and European organizations, as well as a number of organizations, wanted to stop this war by holding many reconciliation conferences that included a number of parties to the conflict in the country, but to no avail. So those countries followed another path, which was sending relief aids to them, and those aids were medical, food, and other aids, but all those aids were not sufficient due to the large numbers of needy and displaced persons in Somalia, as there were many of them under the control of armed factions that refused to allow those aids to reach the residents of the areas under their control, which made the situation worse for these residents. The thesis was divided into an introduction and three chapters, and each chapter consists of two sections. As for the introduction, it consists of a number of topics, which are the origin of the name Somalia, the location of Somalia, and what the weather and atmosphere were like in the country during the seasons of the year. In addition, the tribal formation in Somalia was addressed through mentioning the most prominent Somali tribes. It was also discussed how the colonial countries expanded into Somali lands and how they expanded their influence. The history of the independence of each part of Somalia was also mentioned. After that, the conditions of Somalia during the reigns of the three rulers, namely Adam Abdullah Othman, Abdul Rashid Ali Sharmak, were discussed And also Ziyad Barre. In the first section of the first chapter, the reasons for the outbreak of the Somali Civil War were mentioned in detail and how that war spread to every part of the country, with the most prominent factions participating in that war as mentioned. As for the second section of the first chapter, it was devoted to the most prominent armed movements that gained great influence between the years 2004 and 2014, namely the youth movement, piracy, and the Islamic courts. In the same section, the reasons for prolonging the war were mentioned in detail, also I mentioned the most prominent results of the devastating war, including the deterioration of security. The spread of drugs and corruption in Somali society, the major collapse in education, migration and displacement of the population internally and externally. After that, the most prominent political events between the years 2004 to 2014 were briefly mentioned due to the lack of information available in this aspect, and with this topic the first chapter of the thesis ends. As for the second chapter, which consists of two sections, as we mentioned previously, in its first section I dealt with the situation of the Arab countries from the Somali war. These countries are Saudi Arabia, the Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Yemen, Libya, Sudan, and Egypt, which played a major role in helping the Somali people and hosting a number of reconciliation conferences. But all that Arab aids were insufficient, in addition to their failure to find a settlement to stop the Somali conflict through the failure of those conferences. At the end of the study, I talked about the reasons for the inability and failure of the Arabs to find a solution for that crisis. In the second section of the second chapter, we talked about the situation of the African countries from the Somali crisis. These countries are Ethiopia, Kenya, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Uganda, and that these countries are united by one organization, which is IGAD. In this section, the Ethiopian and Kenyan ground operations were mentioned, as well as the reconciliation conferences that those countries hosted. Countries and their reception of displaced Somalis, etc., and at the end of the study, the reasons for the failure of powerful African countries were left without a solution for the conflict in Somalia!!. In the third chapter, which also consists of two sections, the first section is devoted to the international situation from the Somali crisis, which are each of the countries Turkey, Iran, and Israel, as well as Italy, France, Britain, America, Japan, and China, as their military and humanitarian activity was mentioned during the study period. As for the last section of the thesis, we mentioned the situation of the organizations and their role in helping the Somali people and government. These organizations are the United Nations, the Security Council, and the African Union, in addition to the Arab States league ,IGAD, and the Emirates Red Crescent, as these organizations played a major role in organizing many reconciliation conferences in addition to sending them Huge relief aids to the Somali people, as well as sending sums of money to support the Somali government and for other purposes such as establishing service projects or training Somali forces, etc. The dissertation relied on a number of sources such as theses, dissertations, books, newspapers, magazines, encyclopedias, research, and documents which affiliated with the United Nations, including the researcher Halima Hussein Muhammad’s thesis entitled “The Regional Role in Conflict Resolution in Somalia 1990-2016,”, Mr. Khaled Al-Aqeed Abdullah’s dissertation entitled “Tribal Impact on Politics and Security.” In Somalia, as well as a doctoral dissertation entitled The Somali Civil War and its economic, social and political effects from 1991 to 2014 by the researcher Othman Tabiri, and the use of many sources belonging to the International Politics Magazine, African Readings, Al- Khaleej newspaper, and other newspapers, most notably the source of the strategy to combat terrorism and insurgency in Somalia by Seth Jones as well as the works of Aida Azab and a number of extra sources.

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الاسم

رقم الهاتف

البريد الإلكتروني

الغرض من الطلب (اختياري)

إرسال الطلب